Chalky Insoluble Travertine Deposits Are Precipitated by Bluegreen Bacteria

Shale refers to a rock formed from:

sand sized material
plant remains
clay minerals
carbonate

Which one of the following is a biochemical sedimentary rock?

sand sized material
coal
shale
conglomerate

A clastic rock is:

a rock formed from the cementation of transported grains
a rock formed from evaporation of sea water
transformed by heat into limestone
transformed by pressure into limestone

Which one of the following features is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks?

bedding
foliation
fossils
all may be associated with sedimentary rocks

Which of the following types of sediments are most abundant?

coarse clastics
fine clastics
chemical
biochemical

The tendency for variations in current velocity to segregate sediments on the basis of particle size is called _____.

lilthification
compaction
metamorphism
sorting

Which of the following types of currents can transport sand grains?

rivers
wind
ocean waves
all of these

In which of the following sedimentary environments would you expect the sand deposits to be poorly sorted?

alluvial
beach
desert
glacial

Which of the following environments is an example of a shoreline/transitional environment?

alluvial
continental shelf
deltaic
organic reef

Most shells of marine organisms are composed of ________ .

silica
calcium carbonate
calcium phosphate
calcium sulfate

Coarse clastic material can be transported into a deep marine environment by ______ .

rivers
wind
turbidity currents
all of these

Marine sediments deposited in water depths greater than about 12,000 feet usually lack ________ .

carbonate shells
silica-rich shells
fine grained material transported by the wind
all of these

In which of the following environments would you expect to find oscillation ripples?

alluvial
beach
deep-sea
desert

Which of the following processes is not an important cause of subsidence during the development of a sedimentary basin?

cooling and contraction of the crust
deposition of sediments
erosion of sediments
tectonic down faulting

Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size?

sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate
sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone
siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate

What is the difference between a breccia and a conglomerate?

breccias are coarse grained and conglomerates are fine grained
conglomerates are coarse grained and breccias are fine grained
breccias have rounded fragments and conglomerates have angular fragments
breccias have angular fragments and conglomerates have rounded fragments

A feldspar-rich sandstone is called a(n) ________ .

arkose
litharenite
quartz arenite
shale

A sandstone with abundant rock fragments and clay minerals is a(n) ______ .

arkose
litharenite
quartz arenite
shale

Which of the following rocks is deposited only by non-biological, chemical precipitation ?

halite
limestone
chert arenite
coal

The most common lithification process for fine clastics is _______ .

cementation
compaction

Which of the following lists is written in the order of increasing temperature ?

sedimentation, metamorphism, diagenesis
diagenesis, sedimentation, metamorphism
sedimentation, diagenesis, metamorphism
metamorphism, diagenesis, sedimentation

Which of the following processes does not occur during diagenesis?

compaction
cementation
lithification
metamorphism

The term "aeolian" refers to transport and deposition by:

the wind
streams
ocean waves
pocket gophers

With time, sediment transported by glaciers ___________.

becomes rounded
becomes smaller
becomes rounded and smaller
none of these

WIth time, sediment transported by a fluvial system ___________.

becomes rounded
becomes smaller
becomes rounded and smaller
none of these

Which of the sand grains above has been transported the furthest?

1
2
3
4

Coal is formed from ______.

natural gas
oil
limestone
preserved plant material

In which of the following sedimentary environments would you least expect to find gravel?

active margin beach
alluvial fans
glacial
deep marine

Which of the following sedimentary environments is characterized by sand, gravel and mud?

active margin beach
alluvial fans
glacial
deep marine

Which of the following sedimentary environments is dominated by waves and tidal currents?

glacial
alluvial fans
deltaic
deep marine

Siliceous environments, named for the silica-rich shells deposited in them, occur ________.

in an evaporite environment
in a swamp environment
in a reef environment
in a deep-sea environment

In the cross section of a sand dune given above, the wind was blowing?

<-------
-------->
<------->
cannot determine direction from information given.

In the cross section of a sand dune given above, the diagonal layers are called_____.

cross beds
graded beds
point bars
ripple marks.

What is the most abundant biochemical precipitate in the oceans?

halite
limestone
chert
coal

Ripples occur:

on sand beneath the waves at beaches
on underwater sandbars in streams
on the surface of windswept dunes
all of these can have ripples

In which of the following environments would you expect to find symmetrical ripples?

alluvial
beach
deep-sea
desert

What is the approximate temperature of a sediment that is buried to a depth of 3 km?

0 degrees C
100 degrees C
300 degrees C
1000 degrees C

Which of the following processes occurs during lithification?

recrystallization
compaction
cementation
all may occur

Which of the following is an example of a physical, as opposed to a chemical, diagenetic process?

recrystallization
compaction
cementation
all are physical in nature

What is the porosity of newly deposited mud?

less than 5%
between 5% and 25%
between 25% and 50%
> 50%

Which of the following groups represent the most abundant sedimentary rocks?

limestones and dolomites
sandstones and conglomerates
cherts and evaporites
mudstones and shales

What type of sandstone is depicted in the illustration above?

quartz arenite
litharenite
arkose
this is a granite!!

Which of the following sandstone types is most likely to form by the mechanical weathering of a granite?

quartz arenite
litharenite
arkose
shale

Which of the following sandstone types is most likely to form by the mechanical and intense chemical weathering of a granite?

quartz arenite
litharenite
arkose
shale

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Source: https://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap7mult.html

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